Sleep Aids

What are some common sleep aids, and what are the potential problems using them?

Antihistamines. alleviate allergies, and also cause drowsiness. Common brands include Sominex®, Nyquil® or Zyquil®, Unisom®, Sleep-Eez®. Diphenhydramine (i.e., Benadryl®) is the key ingredient in most of these medications.
Problems:
- Helpful for occasional difficulty falling and/or staying asleep, but their sedating effect can persist into the next day (i.e., “hangover” effect).
- Long-term use can cause forgetfulness, headaches, and dizziness.

Pain relievers. like Tylenol® or Advil® may stop pain from interfering with sleep. They do not cause drowsiness unless combined with an antihistamine. They should not be used on a regular, daily basis.
Problems:
- Overuse of Tylenol® and medications containing acetaminophen can injure the liver and cause liver failure or even death. The combination of alcohol and Tylenol® is even worse.
- Overuse of Advil and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) can cause kidney damage, gastrointestinal problems, auditory or visual changes.

Sedative-hypnotic prescription medications. These can temporarily solve insomnia if carefully prescribed by a doctor.
Problems:
- These medications have serious side effects, including causing people to engage in dangerous or strange behaviors, as well as daytime drowsiness that can increase risk of falls and driving accidents.
- Other risks:
  - Dangerous to mix with alcohol.
  - Highly addictive.
  - Cause withdrawal symptoms if stopped prematurely.
  - Can cause tolerance with long-term use.